古代,济南有关白鹭的佳句不胜枚举,如:方启英“白鹭青莎岸,红莲碧水湖”;余正酉“翩翩白鹭下夕阳,铁笛一声惊飞去”;王大堉“或吟或啸或论文,白鹭惊飞破天碧”;施补华“鸥鹭旧相识,亭池今已荒”,等等。
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今天,在珍珠泉的法桐树上、大明湖和小清河边都能见到白鹭的身影,但是白鹭最为集中的地方,要数素有“江北第一鹭群”之称的济南城区市中区青龙山鹭鸟群,以及党家庄玉符河上的鹭鸟群。
而打开市中区的地图,恰似一只漂亮优雅的白鹭,翱翔蓝天,展翅高飞。这样的巧合亦令人喜不自禁。
青龙山这片白鹭栖息地一直是部队的营区。由于驻守在山下的济南军区某部官兵的精心保护,造就了白鹭难得的栖息环境,万余只白鹭栖息在一处,异常壮观。茂密的柏树林中,白鹭、灰鹭、苍鹭、夜鹭、白鹤、柳莺等30多种万余只成鸟筑巢繁衍。林间,窝巢密布,以白鹭为主的各色鸟儿压满枝头。时值七月,我们看到,新来的鸟儿正在筑新巢。而为保护这些珍稀候鸟,部队官兵可谓煞费苦心。比如,为解决鹭鸟饮水问题,战士们在山坡上修建了许多“鹭鸟饮水池”,定期清洗换水。干旱天气,专门抽调一台消防车定时为饮水池加水;战士们还制作了许多爱鸟护鸟警示牌,插挂在山下路口;青松翠柳之间,成片的白鹭在上下飞舞。据驻守在这里的士官秦岩平介绍,“五、六月份这里的白鹭最多,每天早上大量的鹭鸟往济南北郊的水域、水田、湿地取食,傍晚飞回来。树下常常有白鹭掉落的食物,像小鱼、虾、青蛙、螃蟹等。”
1994年之前,周围的老百姓经常过来捡鸟蛋,后来为了保护白鹭,部队拉起了铁丝网,不再允许市民损害白鹭的栖息地。并且把禁拾鸟蛋作为驻守官兵的一个规矩。官兵们还每年坚持植树,新兵来了种棵“扎根树”,老兵退伍种棵“留念树”,新婚夫妇栽棵“幸福树”,官兵立功栽棵“荣誉树”,领导换届栽棵“交班树”……这个传统50多年了,官兵换了一茬又一茬,青龙山从一座秃山变成了青山。环境变好了,鸟儿更多了。巡山的士兵遇到掉落的幼鸟,主动送回树上。到了刮风下雨天,他们就到山上转一圈,救助摔下来的小鸟。
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尤为感人的是,10年前,部队要建一座宿舍楼,首选位置就是鸟群西侧的一片开阔地。但最终还是“为鸟让地”。而济南动物园知道官兵们守护市鸟白鹭栖息地的事迹后,多次派技术人员到青龙山,与驻守官兵探讨保护环境和白鹭种群的措施,研究进一步保护白鹭繁殖环境的办法。
济南白鹭的另一个大型集聚地是玉符河,特别是市中区党家庄、渴马崖一带的河流中。这里水流缓慢,烟柳夹岸,水草丰满,白鹭纷飞,鱼虾成群。玉符河,《水经注》称之为玉水。它发源于历城南部山区的锦绣、锦阳、锦云三川。三川汇入玉符山与卧虎山之间的水库,流出水库后始称玉符河,北流入党家镇境内,经丰齐一带至古城村南,折向西北于北店子村注入黄河,全长约41公里,流域面积755平方公里。玉符河流经渴马崖时河水大量渗入地下,古人早就指出,这是济南诸泉的主要来源之一。如宋代济南太守曾巩便曾在《趵突泉》诗中吟道:“一派遥从玉水分,暗来都洒历山尘”。由此可见,玉符河正是济南和济南泉水的母亲河呀!
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如今,听说玉符河有了漂流运动的项目,游客可体验无动力橡皮艇全手动驾驭的乐趣,漂流在玉符河清澈的溪流中,缓急相间,浪花飞溅中更多了一分刺激,这项目尤受中青年人的喜爱,但不知白鹭可受惊扰否?